Cryptorchidism

Definition

Cryptorchidism is a medical condition characterized by the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. This condition is commonly seen in newborns and can lead to various complications if not addressed, such as infertility or increased risk of testicular cancer. Understanding cryptorchidism is essential for recognizing its implications on male reproductive health and its management options.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cryptorchidism affects approximately 3-5% of full-term infants, but the rate increases to about 30% in preterm infants.
2. If left untreated, cryptorchidism can lead to complications such as infertility, testicular torsion, and an increased risk of developing testicular cancer later in life.
3. Most cases of cryptorchidism resolve spontaneously within the first year of life as hormonal changes promote testicular descent.
4. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination and may include imaging studies if the testis cannot be palpated.
5. Surgical intervention is recommended if the testes do not descend by 6-12 months of age to minimize potential long-term complications.

Review Questions

• What are the potential long-term consequences of untreated cryptorchidism?
  • If cryptorchidism remains untreated, it can lead to several serious complications. These include an increased risk of infertility due to impaired sperm production, a higher likelihood of testicular torsion where the testis twists and blood supply is cut off, and a significantly elevated risk of developing testicular cancer later in life. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing these outcomes.
• How does orchidopexy help in managing cryptorchidism and what are the considerations for timing this surgical intervention?
  • Orchidopexy is a surgical procedure that corrects cryptorchidism by moving an undescended testis into the scrotum. Timing for this surgery is important; it is typically recommended to perform orchidopexy between 6 to 12 months of age. This timing helps reduce the risks associated with long-term undescended testes, including infertility and cancer, while also taking advantage of natural hormonal influences that promote testicular descent.
• Evaluate the role of early diagnosis in addressing cryptorchidism and its implications on male reproductive health.
  • Early diagnosis of cryptorchidism is critical in preventing long-term reproductive issues. Identifying this condition shortly after birth allows for timely intervention, which can significantly reduce the risks associated with undescended testes, such as infertility and testicular cancer. The implications extend beyond physical health; addressing cryptorchidism early contributes to psychological well-being by alleviating concerns regarding fertility and health later in life, promoting a more positive outcome for affected individuals.

Related terms

Testes: The male reproductive glands responsible for producing sperm and hormones, primarily testosterone.

Orchidopexy: A surgical procedure performed to correct cryptorchidism by relocating an undescended testis into the scrotum.

Hypospadias: A congenital condition in which the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of the penis, often occurring alongside other urogenital anomalies.