A fundamental solution is a type of solution to a differential equation that serves as a building block for constructing solutions to inhomogeneous problems. It is essentially a Green's function for a specific linear operator, allowing for the representation of the effect of point sources on the field described by the equation. Understanding fundamental solutions is key when working with integral equations and Green's functions, as they facilitate the solution of boundary value problems by providing insights into how local disturbances propagate through a medium.
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