Gibbs free-energy change (ΔG)

Definition

Gibbs free-energy change (ΔG) is a thermodynamic property indicating the amount of available energy to perform work during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure. It predicts the direction and spontaneity of chemical reactions, with negative values indicating spontaneous processes.

Related terms

Spontaneous reaction: A process that occurs under specified conditions without being driven by an external force.

Thermodynamics: The branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy, such as work.

Equilibrium constant (K): A ratio that measures how far a reaction will proceed toward products at chemical equilibrium, directly related to ΔG