3-methylphenol

Definition

3-methylphenol, also known as m-cresol, is a phenol compound with a methyl group (CH3) substituted at the 3-position on the benzene ring. It is an important organic compound that falls under the categories of alcohols and phenols, which are covered in Chapter 17.1 of the curriculum.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The prefix '3-' in the name 3-methylphenol indicates that the methyl group is located at the 3-position on the benzene ring.
2. 3-methylphenol is a colorless, crystalline solid with a characteristic phenolic odor and is slightly soluble in water.
3. It is used in the production of various pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other industrial chemicals.
4. The presence of both the hydroxyl group and the alkyl substituent on the benzene ring gives 3-methylphenol unique chemical properties and reactivity.
5. Proper naming and identification of 3-methylphenol is crucial in organic chemistry, as it helps in understanding the structure, properties, and reactions of this compound.

Review Questions

• Explain the significance of the '3-' prefix in the name 3-methylphenol and how it relates to the position of the methyl group on the benzene ring.
  • The '3-' prefix in the name 3-methylphenol indicates that the methyl (CH3) substituent is located at the 3-position on the benzene ring. This positional information is crucial in organic chemistry nomenclature, as it helps to unambiguously identify the specific isomer of the compound. The position of the alkyl substituent can greatly influence the chemical and physical properties of the molecule, as well as its reactivity and potential applications.
• Describe how the presence of both the hydroxyl group and the alkyl substituent on the benzene ring in 3-methylphenol affects its chemical properties and reactivity.
  • The combination of the hydroxyl (-OH) group and the methyl (CH3) substituent on the benzene ring in 3-methylphenol gives the molecule unique chemical properties and reactivity. The hydroxyl group confers phenolic character, allowing for hydrogen bonding and increased polarity, while the alkyl substituent introduces steric effects and alters the electron density of the aromatic system. This unique structural feature affects the compound's acidity, solubility, and reactivity towards electrophilic and nucleophilic additions, as well as its potential applications in various industries.
• Evaluate the importance of proper naming and identification of 3-methylphenol in the context of organic chemistry and its practical applications.
  • Accurate naming and identification of 3-methylphenol is crucial in organic chemistry, as it allows for the unambiguous communication of the compound's structure, properties, and reactivity. This information is essential for understanding and predicting the behavior of 3-methylphenol in various chemical reactions and processes, as well as for its practical applications in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Proper nomenclature also facilitates the organization and retrieval of information in chemical databases, enabling researchers and chemists to effectively utilize the existing knowledge about this important organic compound.

Related terms

Phenol: A phenol is an aromatic compound with a hydroxyl (-OH) group directly attached to a benzene ring.

Alkyl Substituent: An alkyl substituent is a hydrocarbon group, such as a methyl (CH3) group, that replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring.

Nomenclature: Nomenclature is the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on established rules and conventions.