Chromatic harmony

Definition

Chromatic harmony refers to the use of notes and chords that are outside the traditional diatonic scale, creating tension and color within music. This approach expands the harmonic palette available to composers, allowing for more complex emotional expressions and intricate musical relationships. Chromatic harmony became especially prominent in the 19th century, particularly influenced by composers who sought to convey deeper feelings through their music.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chromatic harmony allows composers to explore richer emotional landscapes by incorporating altered chords and non-diatonic notes.
2. Richard Wagner was a key figure in the development of chromatic harmony, using it to enhance dramatic tension in his operas.
3. This technique led to the breakdown of traditional tonal structures, paving the way for later movements like Impressionism and Modernism.
4. In Wagner's operas, chromatic harmony is often used to symbolize character emotions or themes, adding depth to the narrative.
5. The use of chromatic harmony marked a shift from functional harmony, where composers relied heavily on established tonal relationships.

Review Questions

• How did chromatic harmony contribute to the emotional depth of Wagner's operas?
  • Chromatic harmony played a vital role in Wagner's operas by allowing him to express complex emotions and heighten dramatic tension. By incorporating altered chords and non-diatonic notes, Wagner was able to create a musical landscape that mirrored the characters' inner struggles and narratives. This use of chromaticism added layers of meaning to his works, making them more impactful and resonant with audiences.
• Discuss the impact of chromatic harmony on the evolution of Western music after Wagner.
  • The introduction of chromatic harmony by Wagner significantly influenced the evolution of Western music in the 20th century. It challenged traditional tonal structures and paved the way for composers to experiment with new harmonic languages. This shift led to movements like Impressionism and Modernism, where chromaticism became a fundamental element in exploring new textures and forms. As a result, composers began to break away from established norms, creating innovative works that expanded the boundaries of music.
• Evaluate the relationship between chromatic harmony and functional harmony in the context of late 19th-century music.
  • In late 19th-century music, chromatic harmony emerged as a contrasting approach to functional harmony. While functional harmony relied on diatonic chords and established tonal relationships, chromatic harmony introduced complexity through non-diatonic notes and altered chords. This shift not only enhanced emotional expression but also prompted composers to rethink their harmonic language, leading to a more fluid understanding of tonality. The interplay between these two approaches laid the groundwork for modern musical developments, influencing countless composers in their pursuit of new artistic directions.

Related terms

Diatonic Scale: A scale consisting of seven pitches that follow a pattern of whole and half steps, forming the basis for much of Western music.

Tritone: An interval made up of three whole tones, known for its dissonant sound and often used to create tension in chromatic harmony.

Functional Harmony: A system of harmony where chords are organized based on their functions within a key, typically using diatonic chords.