Vaso-occlusive crises

Definition

Vaso-occlusive crises are painful episodes that occur when blood flow is obstructed by sickled red blood cells, leading to ischemia and tissue damage. These crises are common in individuals with sickle cell disease and require immediate medical attention.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vaso-occlusive crises often result from dehydration or hypoxia, which exacerbate the sickling of red blood cells.
2. Proper hydration and nutrition can help reduce the frequency and severity of vaso-occlusive crises.
3. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin E, can worsen the symptoms of vaso-occlusive crises.
4. Management includes pain relief, hydration, oxygen therapy, and sometimes blood transfusions to alleviate symptoms.
5. High-calorie diets may be necessary during a crisis due to increased metabolic demands and to support tissue repair.

Review Questions

• What nutritional strategies can help prevent vaso-occlusive crises in patients with sickle cell disease?
• How do dehydration and hypoxia contribute to the development of vaso-occlusive crises?
• Why might a high-calorie diet be recommended for someone experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis?

Related terms

Sickle Cell Disease: A genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S that leads to chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusion.

Ischemia: A condition where insufficient blood flow leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, causing pain and potential tissue damage.

Folate: A B-vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and repair; deficiencies can exacerbate hematologic disorders like sickle cell disease.