Micronutrient deficiencies

Definition

Micronutrient deficiencies are conditions where the body lacks essential vitamins and minerals necessary for various physiological functions. They can significantly impact hematologic health, leading to problems such as anemia and compromised immune function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia, particularly affecting red blood cell production.
2. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies can lead to megaloblastic anemia, characterized by the presence of unusually large red blood cells.
3. Zinc deficiency impairs immune function and wound healing, both critical for maintaining overall hematologic health.
4. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting; its deficiency can result in excessive bleeding or bruising.
5. Chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can exacerbate micronutrient deficiencies due to malabsorption issues.

Review Questions

• What are two major micronutrients whose deficiencies can lead to anemia?
• How does a zinc deficiency affect hematologic health?
• Why is vitamin K important for hematologic wellness?

Related terms

Anemia: A condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, often caused by nutrient deficiencies

Megaloblastic Anemia: A type of anemia resulting from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, marked by enlarged red blood cells

Malabsorption: The impaired absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract, which can worsen micronutrient deficiencies