Metronidazole

Definition

Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication commonly used to treat infections of the gastrointestinal tract. It is particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Metronidazole is often prescribed for conditions like bacterial vaginosis, Clostridium difficile colitis, and giardiasis.
2. The drug works by disrupting the DNA synthesis of the bacteria or protozoa, leading to cell death.
3. Patients are advised to avoid alcohol while taking metronidazole due to potential severe side effects like nausea, vomiting, and cramps.
4. Common side effects include a metallic taste in the mouth, headache, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea or constipation.
5. It's available in various forms including oral tablets, topical creams, and intravenous (IV) formulations.

Review Questions

• What types of infections is metronidazole primarily used to treat?
• Why should patients avoid alcohol while taking metronidazole?
• List some common side effects associated with metronidazole use.

Related terms

Probiotics: Beneficial bacteria that support gut health and can help restore the balance of flora after antibiotic treatment

Clostridium difficile: A bacterium that causes severe diarrhea and colitis, often treated with metronidazole

Giardiasis: An infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia, commonly treated with metronidazole