Lactation

Definition

Lactation is the process by which female mammals produce and secrete milk to feed their young. It involves hormonal, physiological, and nutritional changes in the body to support milk production and delivery.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lactation relies heavily on adequate nutrition to ensure proper milk production and quality.
2. Hormones such as prolactin and oxytocin play crucial roles in initiating and maintaining lactation.
3. Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for lactating mothers to support both their own musculoskeletal health and the development of the infant.
4. Adequate hydration is vital during lactation as it significantly influences milk volume.
5. Lactating mothers have increased caloric needs, often requiring an additional 300-500 calories per day.

Review Questions

• What are the key hormones involved in lactation?
• Why is calcium important for lactating mothers?
• How does hydration affect milk production during lactation?

Related terms

Prolactin: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production.

Oxytocin: A hormone that causes the milk ejection reflex or 'let-down' during breastfeeding.

Colostrum: The first form of milk produced immediately following delivery, rich in antibodies.