Glia cells

Definition

Glia cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support and protection for neurons. They play critical roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin, and participating in signal transmission.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glia cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells.
2. Astrocytes regulate blood flow to neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier.
3. Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) produce myelin sheaths that insulate axons.
4. Microglia act as the immune defense of the CNS by engulfing pathogens and debris.
5. Proper nutrition can influence glial cell function, impacting overall neurological health.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of glia cells in the nervous system?
• How do astrocytes contribute to neurological health?
• Why is proper nutrition important for glial cell function?

Related terms

Neurons: Specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses through electrical and chemical signals.

Myelin Sheath: A fatty layer produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells that insulates axons to speed up signal transmission.

Blood-Brain Barrier: A selective barrier formed by endothelial cells and astrocytes that protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream.