Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Definition

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. Common symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GERD is often caused by a malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
2. Obesity, pregnancy, and certain foods can exacerbate GERD symptoms.
3. Long-term untreated GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus.
4. Lifestyle changes such as diet modification and weight loss are primary interventions for managing GERD.
5. Medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production in GERD patients.

Review Questions

• What anatomical malfunction primarily causes GERD?
• Name two lifestyle changes that can help manage GERD symptoms.
• What is a potential long-term complication of untreated GERD?

Related terms

Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus often caused by acid reflux.

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): A ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that controls the flow of food into the stomach.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Medications that reduce stomach acid production to help treat conditions like GERD.