Essential amino acids

Definition

Essential amino acids are amino acids that the body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained through diet. They are crucial for various bodily functions, including protein synthesis, tissue repair, and nutrient absorption.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are nine essential amino acids: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
2. Essential amino acids play a vital role in muscle growth and repair.
3. They are found in high-quality protein sources such as meat, eggs, dairy products, and certain plant-based proteins like quinoa and soy.
4. A deficiency in essential amino acids can lead to weakened immune response and muscle wasting.
5. The human body requires a balanced intake of all essential amino acids for optimal health.

Review Questions

• What makes an amino acid 'essential'?
• List three dietary sources rich in essential amino acids.
• What could be the potential health effects of a deficiency in essential amino acids?

Related terms

Non-Essential Amino Acids: Amino acids that the body can produce on its own without requiring them from dietary sources.

Protein Synthesis: The process by which cells build proteins from individual amino acids.

Complete Proteins: Protein sources that contain all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantities.