Cytokines

Definition

Cytokines are small proteins released by cells, particularly those in the immune system, that have a specific effect on interactions and communications between cells. They play crucial roles in cell signaling, inflammation, and immune responses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cytokines can influence both endocrine functions and pulmonary health by modulating inflammation and immune responses.
2. Certain cytokines are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes and insulin sensitivity, impacting endocrine wellness.
3. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6 are often elevated in chronic pulmonary illnesses such as COPD.
4. Nutritional status can affect cytokine production; deficiencies in certain nutrients can lead to dysregulated cytokine responses.
5. Anti-inflammatory diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and phytonutrients may help modulate cytokine activity to support both endocrine and pulmonary health.

Review Questions

• How do cytokines influence endocrine functions?
• What role do pro-inflammatory cytokines play in chronic pulmonary illnesses?
• How can nutritional status impact cytokine production?

Related terms

Interleukins: A group of cytokines that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes) and play a role in regulating immune responses.

TNF-alpha: A pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in systemic inflammation, which is part of the body's acute phase reaction.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Essential fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties that can help modulate the activity of certain cytokines.