Coma

Definition

A coma is a prolonged state of unconsciousness in which a person is unresponsive to their environment. It results from severe brain injury or illness impacting neurological function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Coma patients require specialized nutritional support, often through enteral feeding, to maintain metabolic needs.
2. Electrolyte imbalances can exacerbate neurological issues in comatose patients, making careful monitoring crucial.
3. Protein-energy malnutrition can impair recovery from a coma, highlighting the importance of adequate protein intake.
4. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia need to be avoided as they can negatively influence neurological outcomes in comatose patients.
5. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as thiamine and vitamin D, can affect brain function and should be corrected in coma patients.

Review Questions

• What are the primary nutritional concerns for a patient in a coma?
• Why is enteral feeding often used for comatose patients?
• How can electrolyte imbalances impact a patient in a coma?

Related terms

Enteral Feeding: Feeding provided through the gastrointestinal tract via tube placement directly into the stomach or small intestine.

Electrolyte Imbalance: A condition where the levels of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium are either too high or too low, affecting bodily functions.

Hyperglycemia: A condition characterized by an excessive amount of glucose in the blood, often associated with diabetes.