Axons

Definition

Axons are long, slender projections of nerve cells (neurons) that transmit electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. They play a crucial role in the communication between neurons and other cells, facilitating the transfer of information throughout the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Axons are essential for transmitting electrical signals from one neuron to another, enabling complex neural functions.
2. Myelin sheaths, which cover many axons, improve the speed and efficiency of signal transmission.
3. Nutritional deficiencies in essential fatty acids and B vitamins can impair axonal function and myelination.
4. Damage to axons can lead to neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and peripheral neuropathy.
5. Proper hydration and nutrient intake support the maintenance of healthy axonal structure and function.

Review Questions

• What role do axons play in neural communication?
• How does myelination affect axonal signal transmission?
• Name two nutritional factors that are critical for maintaining healthy axonal function.

Related terms

Neuron: The basic unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

Myelin Sheath: A fatty layer that covers many axons, increasing the speed of electrical impulse transmission.

Synapse: The junction between two neurons where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted.