Arterioles

Definition

Arterioles are small blood vessels that extend and branch out from arteries and lead to capillaries. They play a crucial role in regulating blood flow and pressure through the cardiovascular system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Arterioles control blood pressure by varying their diameter through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
2. They are the primary site of vascular resistance in the circulatory system.
3. The muscular walls of arterioles are responsive to both autonomic nervous system signals and local chemical mediators.
4. Proper nutrition can influence arteriole function by affecting endothelial health.
5. Damage or dysfunction in arterioles can lead to hypertension and other cardiovascular issues.

Review Questions

• What role do arterioles play in regulating blood pressure?
• How does arteriole function impact overall cardiovascular health?
• What factors influence the diameter of arterioles?

Related terms

Capillaries: The smallest blood vessels where the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrients and waste substances occurs between blood and tissues.

Vasoconstriction: The narrowing of blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, particularly in arterioles.

Endothelium: A thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels, playing a key role in vascular relaxation and constriction as well as platelet aggregation.