Utilitarianism

Definition

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that suggests the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility. This principle focuses on the consequences of actions, advocating for choices that provide the greatest benefit to the largest number of people. In the context of storytelling, utilitarianism raises questions about the moral responsibilities of journalists and how their narratives can impact societal welfare.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Utilitarianism can be broken down into two main types: act utilitarianism, which assesses each individual action for its utility, and rule utilitarianism, which evaluates the utility of following general rules.
2. The theory was popularized by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, who argued that actions should be evaluated based on their ability to produce happiness or reduce suffering.
3. In journalism, applying utilitarian principles involves considering how a story's impact affects individuals and communities, prioritizing public interest over sensationalism.
4. Utilitarianism encourages journalists to think critically about the trade-offs involved in reporting sensitive issues, weighing potential harm against the benefits of informing the public.
5. Critics of utilitarianism often argue that it can justify harmful actions if they lead to a greater overall good, raising concerns about moral limits in storytelling.

Review Questions

• How does utilitarianism influence ethical decision-making in journalism?
  • Utilitarianism influences ethical decision-making in journalism by prompting journalists to consider the broader impact of their stories on society. When making choices about what to report, journalists are encouraged to assess how their work can maximize overall happiness or benefit for the community. This means weighing the potential consequences of publishing certain information against the importance of transparency and public interest.
• What are some challenges journalists face when applying utilitarian principles in their storytelling?
  • Journalists face several challenges when applying utilitarian principles, including navigating complex ethical dilemmas where the potential harm of a story may outweigh its benefits. For instance, reporting on sensitive subjects such as crime or trauma can lead to victimization or further suffering for those involved. Journalists must also contend with differing opinions on what constitutes 'happiness' or 'benefit,' making it difficult to reach consensus on how best to serve public interest while adhering to utilitarian ideals.
• Evaluate how utilitarianism might lead to conflicts between journalistic integrity and audience expectations.
  • Utilitarianism can create conflicts between journalistic integrity and audience expectations by prioritizing content that maximizes viewer engagement over responsible reporting. For example, sensationalized stories may attract more viewers and generate greater overall happiness through increased ratings, but they could also mislead the public or perpetuate harmful stereotypes. This tension challenges journalists to find a balance between delivering content that satisfies audience desires while maintaining ethical standards and a commitment to truth.

Related terms

Consequentialism: An ethical theory that judges actions by their outcomes or consequences, closely related to utilitarianism.

Deontology: An ethical approach that focuses on rules and duties rather than the consequences of actions.

Moral Responsibility: The obligation to act correctly and ethically, considering the impact of one’s actions on others.