A reciprocal lattice is a mathematical construct used in crystallography that represents the periodicity of a crystal in momentum space rather than real space. It is crucial for understanding diffraction patterns, as it helps visualize how waves, such as X-rays, interact with the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice is defined by vectors that correspond to the periodic arrangement of the atoms in the crystal and is instrumental in determining the allowed scattering angles and conditions for constructive interference.
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