Stretto

Definition

Stretto refers to a compositional technique in music, particularly in counterpoint and fugal writing, where the subject is restated in close succession, creating a sense of urgency and intensity. This technique often emphasizes the interplay between voices, contributing to the overall tension and drama in a piece. It is commonly used in works that showcase intricate counterpoint, making it especially relevant in the context of works from the North German Organ School and the fugal compositions of the Baroque period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Stretto is often employed towards the climax of a fugue to increase tension before resolution.
2. In the works of Buxtehude, stretto serves to showcase his mastery of counterpoint and enriches the organ compositions with dramatic flair.
3. Bach utilized stretto extensively in 'The Art of Fugue,' demonstrating its effectiveness in complex counterpoint settings.
4. Stretto can involve overlapping entries of the theme, creating a dense texture that challenges both performers and listeners.
5. The use of stretto can also highlight different thematic variations, allowing composers to explore their musical ideas more deeply.

Review Questions

• How does stretto contribute to the overall structure and emotional impact of a fugue?
  • Stretto contributes significantly to the structure and emotional impact of a fugue by introducing the subject in rapid succession among voices. This overlapping creates a heightened sense of urgency and complexity, drawing the listener's attention and enhancing dramatic tension. As the voices interweave closely, it builds anticipation leading into resolutions, which are vital for the dynamic flow within a fugue.
• In what ways did Buxtehude utilize stretto to define his style within the North German Organ School?
  • Buxtehude utilized stretto as a hallmark of his compositional style, effectively showcasing intricate counterpoint and emotional expressiveness. His organ works often featured stretto passages that not only demonstrated technical skill but also created vivid contrasts between tension and release. This technique allowed him to craft engaging musical narratives, elevating his contributions within the North German Organ School and influencing future composers.
• Evaluate the role of stretto in 'The Art of Fugue' and how it reflects Bach's compositional mastery.
  • In 'The Art of Fugue,' stretto plays a crucial role in illustrating Bach's compositional mastery by providing depth and complexity to his contrapuntal writing. The frequent use of stretto allows Bach to explore various themes while maintaining coherence within the intricate structure of each fugue. By employing this technique, Bach not only demonstrates his technical proficiency but also evokes emotional responses from listeners, reinforcing his status as a pivotal figure in Baroque music.

Related terms

Counterpoint: A musical technique that involves the combination of independent melodies to create harmony and texture.

Fugue: A contrapuntal composition where a main theme is introduced by one voice and then imitated by others in succession, often employing stretto for heightened effect.

Canon: A musical form where one voice or part is followed by others that imitate it, creating a layered effect similar to stretto.