Eero Saarinen

Definition

Eero Saarinen was a Finnish-American architect known for his innovative and sculptural designs, which significantly influenced modern architecture. His work includes iconic buildings that exemplify the characteristics of the International Style while also showcasing unique interpretations that blended form with function, addressing a wide range of structural and aesthetic challenges.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Eero Saarinen was born in 1910 in Finland and later moved to the United States, where he became a leading figure in modern architecture.
2. He is known for his ability to merge engineering and art, creating structures that not only served functional purposes but also embodied beauty and emotion.
3. Saarinen's design philosophy often involved using bold forms and new materials to create dynamic spaces, reflecting the spirit of innovation during the mid-20th century.
4. His work was instrumental in advancing the concepts of structural expressionism, emphasizing how a building's structure could reflect its purpose and context.
5. Saarinen received numerous awards throughout his career, including the prestigious AIA Gold Medal posthumously in 1962 for his significant contributions to architecture.

Review Questions

• How did Eero Saarinen's designs reflect the characteristics of the International Style while also introducing unique elements?
  • Eero Saarinen's designs are rooted in the principles of the International Style, characterized by functionalism and simplicity. However, he introduced unique sculptural forms that broke away from traditional rectangular shapes, making his work stand out. For instance, his TWA Flight Center features sweeping curves that evoke motion and fluidity, illustrating how he adapted modernist principles to create dynamic architectural statements.
• Discuss how Eero Saarinen's approach to structural expressionism is exemplified in his notable works.
  • Eero Saarinen's approach to structural expressionism can be seen in buildings like the Gateway Arch and Kresge Auditorium. He focused on how structures could visually communicate their purpose; the Gateway Arch symbolizes westward expansion through its soaring form, while Kresge Auditorium's parabolic roof suggests an acoustic quality that enhances its function. This emphasis on expressing structure through design reflects his belief that architecture should resonate with its surroundings and users.
• Evaluate the impact of Eero Saarinen's architectural philosophy on the evolution of modern architecture and its reception globally.
  • Eero Saarinen's architectural philosophy had a profound impact on modern architecture, pushing boundaries and inspiring future generations of architects. His innovative use of materials and forms challenged conventional norms, making him a pioneer in both the International Style and structural expressionism. As his works gained global recognition, they influenced not only American architecture but also sparked interest in more expressive forms worldwide. His legacy continues to inspire contemporary architects to embrace creativity while addressing functional needs.

Related terms

TWA Flight Center: A terminal building at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, designed by Saarinen, known for its sweeping curves and futuristic design.

Gateway Arch: A monumental arch in St. Louis, Missouri, designed by Saarinen, symbolizing the westward expansion of the United States and showcasing his mastery of structural expressionism.

Kresge Auditorium: An auditorium located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, designed by Saarinen, recognized for its distinctive parabolic roof and integration into the landscape.