Middle English Period

Definition

The Middle English Period is a phase in the history of the English language that spans from approximately 1150 to 1500. It marks a significant transition in language, literature, and culture, as Old English evolved into a more recognizable form that incorporated elements from Norman French and Latin, reflecting the societal changes of the time. This period produced notable literary works and authors, particularly Geoffrey Chaucer, who helped shape the direction of English literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Middle English Period began after the Norman Conquest of 1066, which significantly influenced the English language by introducing a wealth of Norman French vocabulary.
2. Literature during this period flourished with the emergence of both secular and religious texts, exploring themes of morality, identity, and social commentary.
3. Chaucer's 'The Canterbury Tales' is often regarded as one of the greatest achievements of Middle English literature, featuring a variety of characters from different social backgrounds.
4. The period saw the development of dialects across England, leading to regional variations in language that would later contribute to the standardization of English.
5. The Middle English Period laid the groundwork for the Renaissance in England, as it marked a time when writers began to experiment with new styles and ideas, paving the way for future literary movements.

Review Questions

• How did the Norman Conquest influence the evolution of the English language during the Middle English Period?
  • The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of Norman French words into the English language, which transformed Old English into Middle English. This blending created a more complex vocabulary that included terms related to law, art, and governance. The influence also led to significant grammatical changes, making Middle English more accessible to a broader audience and setting the stage for future developments in literature.
• Discuss how 'The Canterbury Tales' reflects the social structure and diversity of characters in medieval England.
  • 'The Canterbury Tales' showcases a wide array of characters from different social classes, including knights, peasants, and clergy. Through their stories, Chaucer presents a vivid portrait of medieval society, exploring various themes such as morality, class struggles, and human behavior. The interactions between these characters reveal insights into their values and beliefs while highlighting the complexities and contradictions within the social hierarchy of that time.
• Evaluate the significance of dialectical variation in the Middle English Period and its impact on modern English.
  • Dialectical variation during the Middle English Period played a crucial role in shaping what would eventually become standard Modern English. As different regions developed their own distinct forms of speech, these variations reflected local culture and identity. Over time, as literacy increased and texts began to be printed more widely, certain dialects gained prominence. This process not only contributed to language standardization but also enriched English with diverse linguistic elements that continue to be present today.

Related terms

Chivalric Romance: A genre of literature popular during the Middle English Period, focusing on tales of knights, courtly love, and heroic adventures.

Feudal System: The social and economic structure that dominated medieval Europe, where land was held by nobles in exchange for military service and loyalty to a lord.

The Canterbury Tales: A collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer during the Middle English Period, showcasing a diverse range of characters and themes, often reflecting the societal norms of the time.