Xenobiotics

Definition

Xenobiotics are compounds that are foreign to a biological system. These can include drugs, pollutants, and synthetic chemicals that are not naturally found in an organism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Proteobacteria can degrade various xenobiotics, making them important for bioremediation.
2. Enzymes produced by some Proteobacteria can transform xenobiotics into less harmful substances.
3. Xenobiotics can affect microbial community structure by selecting for resistant strains.
4. Horizontal gene transfer in Proteobacteria can spread genes responsible for xenobiotic degradation.
5. The presence of xenobiotics can induce stress responses in bacterial cells.

Review Questions

• What role do Proteobacteria play in the degradation of xenobiotics?
• How can xenobiotics impact the diversity of microbial communities?
• Describe how horizontal gene transfer contributes to the breakdown of xenobiotics among Proteobacteria.

Related terms

Bioremediation: The use of microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment.

Horizontal Gene Transfer: The movement of genetic material between bacteria other than by vertical transmission (from parent to offspring).

Stress Response: Cellular mechanisms activated by bacteria when exposed to stressful conditions such as toxins or xenobiotics.