Varicella-zoster virus

Definition

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious virus responsible for causing both varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). It belongs to the Herpesviridae family and establishes lifelong latency in the host.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. VZV has a double-stranded DNA genome encased in an icosahedral capsid, surrounded by an envelope.
2. Primary infection with VZV results in chickenpox, characterized by itchy, blister-like rashes.
3. After initial infection, VZV remains dormant in nerve ganglia and can reactivate later in life as shingles.
4. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with fluid from chickenpox blisters.
5. Vaccination is available and effective at preventing both primary varicella infections and subsequent reactivations.

Review Questions

• What diseases are caused by the varicella-zoster virus?
• How does the varicella-zoster virus spread between individuals?
• What is the relationship between chickenpox and shingles?

Related terms

Herpesviridae: A large family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and animals.

Latency: The ability of a pathogen to remain dormant within a host without causing symptoms.

Shingles: A reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus leading to painful skin rashes.