Transposase

Definition

Transposase is an enzyme that facilitates the movement of transposable elements (TEs) within the genome. It catalyzes the cut-and-paste mechanism by which these genetic elements are excised from one location and inserted into another.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Transposase recognizes specific DNA sequences at the ends of transposable elements to initiate mobilization.
2. The activity of transposase can introduce genetic diversity in asexual prokaryotes by causing mutations or gene rearrangements.
3. Transposition events mediated by transposase can result in gene disruption, activation, or horizontal gene transfer.
4. Some transposases have a 'cut-and-paste' mechanism, while others employ a 'copy-and-paste' mechanism, leaving the original element intact.
5. Regulation of transposase activity is crucial for maintaining genomic stability since uncontrolled transposition can be harmful.

Review Questions

• What role does transposase play in microbial genetics?
• How does transposase contribute to genetic diversity in asexual prokaryotes?
• What are the potential consequences of uncontrolled transposase activity?

Related terms

Transposable Elements (TEs): DNA sequences that can change positions within the genome, often facilitated by enzymes like transposase.

Horizontal Gene Transfer: The movement of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical transmission (from parent to offspring).

Insertion Sequence (IS): A simple type of transposable element consisting only of genes required for its own movement, typically containing a single gene encoding for transposase.