Toxins

Definition

Toxins are poisonous substances produced by microorganisms, plants, or animals. In the context of microbiology, they can cause damage to host tissues and disrupt normal bodily functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Toxins can be classified into exotoxins and endotoxins based on their origin and mechanism of action.
2. Exotoxins are proteins secreted by bacteria that can cause damage to specific tissues or organs.
3. Endotoxins are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that release harmful effects when the bacteria die and break down.
4. Common bacterial toxins affecting the gastrointestinal tract include botulinum toxin, cholera toxin, and Shiga toxin.
5. Detection and neutralization of toxins are crucial for treating bacterial infections in the digestive system.

Review Questions

• What is the difference between exotoxins and endotoxins?
• How do endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria affect the gastrointestinal tract?
• Name three common bacterial toxins that impact the gastrointestinal system.

Related terms

Exotoxin: A protein secreted by bacteria that causes damage to specific tissues or organs.

Endotoxin:

A component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that releases toxic effects when cells disintegrate.

Enterotoxin: A type of exotoxin specifically targeting cells in the intestinal lining, causing symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea.