Endotoxin

Definition

Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, primarily composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). It can trigger strong immune responses when released into the host organism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Endotoxins are heat-stable and not destroyed by standard sterilization processes.
2. They are released mainly when bacterial cells die and disintegrate.
3. High concentrations of endotoxins can cause septic shock, characterized by fever, hypotension, and multi-organ failure.
4. The lipid A portion of the LPS is responsible for the toxic effects associated with endotoxins.
5. Detecting endotoxins in medical devices and pharmaceuticals is crucial to prevent adverse reactions in patients.

Review Questions

• What part of Gram-negative bacteria contains endotoxins?
• How do high concentrations of endotoxins affect the human body?
• Why is it important to detect endotoxins in medical devices?

Related terms

Exotoxin: A toxin released by bacteria into the surrounding environment that has highly specific targets.

Septic Shock: A severe systemic response to infection leading to dangerously low blood pressure and organ dysfunction.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): A large molecule consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide, found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.