Toxicity

Definition

Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals. In microbiology, it often refers to the damaging effects of antimicrobial drugs on host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Toxicity can be dose-dependent, meaning higher doses increase harmful effects.
2. Selective toxicity is a crucial principle in antimicrobial therapy, aiming to target microbes without damaging the host.
3. Common toxic effects of antimicrobials include liver damage, kidney damage, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
4. Certain antibiotics like aminoglycosides have a narrow therapeutic index and are more likely to cause toxicity.
5. Monitoring drug levels in patients is essential to prevent toxic side effects.

Review Questions

• What is selective toxicity and why is it important in antimicrobial therapy?
• Name three common toxic effects associated with antimicrobial drugs.
• Why are aminoglycosides considered more likely to cause toxicity?

Related terms

Selective Toxicity: The ability of a drug to target pathogens without harming the host.

Therapeutic Index: The ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug.

Antibiotic Resistance: The ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic.