Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Definition

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but severe condition caused by bacterial toxins entering the bloodstream, commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It can lead to multi-organ failure if not promptly treated.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TSS is often linked to the use of superabsorbent tampons and post-surgical infections.
2. The toxins responsible for TSS act as superantigens, triggering an overwhelming immune response by activating a large number of T cells.
3. Symptoms of TSS include high fever, rash, low blood pressure, and multi-organ dysfunction.
4. Diagnosis of TSS involves clinical evaluation and laboratory tests to identify the presence of bacterial toxins.
5. Treatment includes administration of intravenous antibiotics and supportive care to manage symptoms.

Review Questions

• What are the primary bacterial causes of toxic shock syndrome?
• How do the toxins involved in TSS affect the immune system?
• What are common symptoms and diagnostic criteria for toxic shock syndrome?

Related terms

Superantigen: A class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system by stimulating a large number of T cells.

Sepsis:

A life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to infection leading to tissue damage, organ failure, or death.

Cytokine Storm:

An excessive release of cytokines into the blood, often resulting from an overactive immune response.