Cytokine storm

Definition

A cytokine storm is an excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, often resulting from an overactive immune response. It can lead to severe inflammation and tissue damage, particularly in the respiratory system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cytokine storms are associated with severe viral infections such as influenza and COVID-19.
2. They can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to extreme inflammation in the lungs.
3. Cytokine storms involve key cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).
4. Immunosuppressive treatments like corticosteroids are sometimes used to manage cytokine storms.
5. Early detection and intervention are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cytokine storms.

Review Questions

• What role do cytokines play in a cytokine storm?
• How can a cytokine storm contribute to respiratory failure?
• Which treatments might be used to mitigate the effects of a cytokine storm?

Related terms

Interleukin-6 (IL-6): A pro-inflammatory cytokine often elevated during a cytokine storm.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A severe lung condition that can be triggered by a cytokine storm.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha): A key inflammatory mediator involved in the development of a cytokine storm.