Syncytia

Definition

Syncytia are large, multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of individual infected cells. They are a hallmark of certain viral infections and can disrupt normal tissue function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Syncytia formation is often induced by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and measles virus.
2. The fusion of cell membranes to form syncytia is mediated by viral surface proteins.
3. Syncytia can contribute to tissue damage in the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms like coughing and difficulty breathing.
4. Detection of syncytia in tissue samples can be used as a diagnostic indicator of certain viral infections.
5. Not all viruses induce syncytia; it is specific to certain enveloped viruses that have fusogenic properties.

Review Questions

• What role do viral surface proteins play in the formation of syncytia?
• How does the presence of syncytia affect tissues in the respiratory tract?
• Which common respiratory viruses are known to induce syncytia formation?

Related terms

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A common virus that causes respiratory tract infections and is known for inducing syncytia.

Fusogenic Proteins: Viral proteins that promote the fusion of cell membranes leading to the formation of multinucleated cells.

Cytopathic Effect (CPE): Observable changes in host cells caused by viral infection, including cell lysis, rounding, and formation of syncytia.