Microbiology

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Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

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Microbiology

Definition

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is a combination antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections by inhibiting folic acid synthesis. It targets both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Inhibits two enzymes in the folic acid synthesis pathway: dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase.
  2. Effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including E. coli, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and MRSA.
  3. Often used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, and certain types of diarrhea.
  4. Resistance can develop through mutations that alter target enzymes or increase efflux pumps.
  5. May cause side effects such as nausea, rash, and in rare cases, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Review Questions

  • What are the two enzymes inhibited by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?
  • Which types of bacteria are targeted by this antibiotic combination?
  • What are some common clinical uses for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?

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