Sterilant

Definition

A sterilant is a chemical agent capable of completely eliminating all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It is used to achieve sterilization in medical and laboratory settings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sterilants are distinct from disinfectants because they kill all microorganisms, not just harmful ones.
2. Common examples of sterilants include ethylene oxide, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide gas.
3. Sterilization using chemical agents is critical for ensuring that surgical instruments and other medical devices are free from pathogens.
4. The effectiveness of a sterilant can be influenced by factors such as concentration, exposure time, and temperature.
5. Not all surfaces or materials can tolerate the use of chemical sterilants; some may require alternative methods like autoclaving.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes a sterilant from a disinfectant?
• Name three common chemical agents used as sterilants.
• How do factors such as concentration and exposure time influence the effectiveness of a sterilant?

Related terms

Disinfectant: A chemical agent that reduces the number of microorganisms to safe levels but may not eliminate all microbial life.

Antiseptic: A substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms on living tissues.

Autoclave: A device that uses steam under pressure to achieve sterilization.