Stenotrophomonas maltophila

Definition

Stenotrophomonas maltophila is a Gram-negative, multidrug-resistant bacterium that primarily infects immunocompromised individuals. It is often associated with hospital-acquired infections and can cause respiratory, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Stenotrophomonas maltophila exhibits intrinsic resistance to many common antibiotics, including beta-lactams and aminoglycosides.
2. The bacterium is commonly found in water, soil, and plants but becomes problematic in healthcare settings due to its resistance profile.
3. S. maltophila infections are particularly dangerous for patients with cystic fibrosis or those undergoing mechanical ventilation.
4. The preferred treatment for S. maltophila infections includes the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) due to its effectiveness against the bacteria.
5. Biofilm formation by Stenotrophomonas maltophila on medical devices contributes significantly to its persistence and resistance in clinical environments.

Review Questions

• What makes Stenotrophomonas maltophila intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics?
• Why are immunocompromised individuals more susceptible to Stenotrophomonas maltophila infections?
• Which antibiotic is considered the first-line treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophila infections?

Related terms

Antibiotic Resistance: The ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic that once could successfully treat the infection.

Nosocomial Infections: Infections acquired in a hospital setting that were not present at the time of a patient's admission.

Biofilm: A complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate, often associated with persistent infections and increased resistance to antimicrobial treatments.