Spike

Definition

Spikes are glycoprotein projections found on the surface of some viruses. They play a crucial role in the virus's ability to attach and enter host cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Spikes are composed of glycoproteins that can bind to specific receptors on host cells.
2. The presence of spikes is characteristic of enveloped viruses, such as influenza and coronaviruses.
3. Spikes determine the host range and tissue tropism of a virus by recognizing specific cell surface receptors.
4. Mutations in spike proteins can lead to changes in viral infectivity and immune escape.
5. Vaccines often target spike proteins to neutralize the virus and prevent infection.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of viral spikes?
• How do spike proteins influence the host range of a virus?
• Why are spike proteins important targets for vaccines?

Related terms

Envelope: A lipid bilayer surrounding some viruses, derived from the host cell membrane.

Capsid: The protein shell that encases the viral genome.

Receptor Binding Domain (RBD): The part of a spike protein that specifically binds to a receptor on the host cell.