Soma

Definition

The soma, or cell body, is the central part of a neuron containing the nucleus. It is responsible for maintaining the cell's health and metabolic functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The soma integrates signals received from dendrites before transmitting them to the axon.
2. It contains essential organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
3. Damage to the soma can disrupt neuronal function and lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
4. Infections targeting the nervous system can damage neuronal somas, affecting signal transmission.
5. The size and shape of the soma can vary depending on neuron type and location.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of the soma in a neuron?
• How does damage to the soma affect neuronal function?
• Which organelles are found within the soma of a neuron?

Related terms

Neuron:

A nerve cell responsible for transmitting electrical signals throughout the nervous system.

Dendrite: Branch-like extensions from the neuron's cell body that receive signals from other neurons.

Axon: Long projection of a neuron that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles.