Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Definition

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique used to detect and quantify RNA by converting it into complementary DNA (cDNA) and then amplifying specific DNA targets. It is commonly used in virology to diagnose and study RNA viruses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. RT-PCR is essential for detecting RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.
2. The process involves two main steps: reverse transcription of RNA into cDNA and amplification of the cDNA using PCR.
3. RT-PCR requires enzymes like reverse transcriptase to synthesize cDNA from RNA templates.
4. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) allows quantification of RNA levels, providing insight into viral load in a sample.
5. RT-PCR can be highly sensitive and specific, making it a crucial tool for early detection of viral infections.

Review Questions

• What are the main steps involved in RT-PCR?
• Why is RT-PCR particularly useful in diagnosing RNA viruses?
• How does quantitative RT-PCR differ from standard RT-PCR?

Related terms

Reverse Transcriptase: An enzyme that synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A method used to amplify specific DNA sequences exponentially.

Quantitative PCR (qPCR): A PCR technique that quantifies the amount of target DNA or cDNA in real-time during amplification.