Relapsing fever

Definition

Relapsing fever is a bacterial infection characterized by recurring episodes of fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and nausea. It is caused by spirochetes from the genus Borrelia, transmitted through lice or ticks.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Relapsing fever is typically caused by Borrelia recurrentis (louse-borne) or various tick-borne Borrelia species.
2. The disease is marked by cycles of fever lasting several days followed by periods without fever.
3. Diagnosis often involves blood smears during febrile episodes to detect spirochetes.
4. Treatment generally includes antibiotics such as doxycycline or erythromycin.
5. Complications can include neurological issues, myocarditis, and liver dysfunction.

Review Questions

• What are the two primary vectors for relapsing fever?
• Describe the typical clinical presentation of someone with relapsing fever.
• What diagnostic method is commonly used to identify relapsing fever?

Related terms

Borrelia:

A genus of bacteria responsible for relapsing fever and Lyme disease.

Spirochete: A type of bacterium characterized by its spiral shape; includes pathogens like Borrelia.

Doxycycline:

An antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections including relapsing fever.