Borrelia

Definition

Borrelia is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria known as spirochetes, primarily responsible for causing Lyme disease and relapsing fever in humans.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Borrelia burgdorferi is the most well-known species within this genus, causing Lyme disease.
2. These bacteria are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks or lice.
3. Borrelia species have a unique double-membrane structure that classifies them as Gram-negative.
4. The genome of Borrelia is linear rather than circular, which is uncommon among bacteria.
5. Symptoms of Borrelia infection can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe neurological and cardiac issues.

Review Questions

• What type of diseases are caused by Borrelia species?
• How are Borrelia bacteria typically transmitted to humans?
• What is distinctive about the genome structure of Borrelia?

Related terms

Spirochete: A group of spiral-shaped bacteria that includes genera like Borrelia and Treponema.

Lyme Disease:

An infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, characterized by symptoms such as rash, fever, and joint pain.

Gram-Negative Bacteria: Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides.