Preservatives

Definition

Preservatives are chemical agents added to products to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thereby extending shelf life and preventing spoilage. They are crucial in controlling microbial contamination in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Preservatives work by creating an environment that is inhospitable for microbial growth, such as altering pH levels or disrupting cell membranes.
2. Common preservatives include benzoates, nitrates, sulfites, and parabens.
3. The effectiveness of a preservative depends on factors like concentration, temperature, and the type of microorganism being targeted.
4. Some preservatives can have antimicrobial resistance issues, making them less effective over time.
5. Regulatory agencies like the FDA and EFSA monitor and approve the use of preservatives to ensure they are safe for consumption.

Review Questions

• What are the main functions of preservatives in controlling microbial growth?
• Name three common types of preservatives used in various industries.
• How does the effectiveness of a preservative depend on environmental factors?

Related terms

Antiseptics: Chemical agents that kill or inhibit microorganisms on living tissues.

Disinfectants: Chemical substances used to destroy or inhibit microorganisms on inanimate objects.

Sterilization: A process that destroys all forms of microbial life, including spores.