Polyenes

Definition

Polyenes are a class of antifungal agents that target fungal cell membranes by binding to ergosterol, causing increased membrane permeability and cell death. They are primarily used to treat systemic fungal infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polyenes bind specifically to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes.
2. The two most commonly used polyenes are amphotericin B and nystatin.
3. Polyenes cause fungal cell death by creating pores in the membrane, leading to leakage of cellular contents.
4. Amphotericin B is often considered the drug of choice for severe systemic fungal infections despite its potential nephrotoxicity.
5. Resistance to polyenes is relatively rare but can occur through alterations in membrane sterols.

Review Questions

• What specific component of fungal cell membranes do polyenes target?
• Name two commonly used polyenes and their primary medical applications.
• How do polyenes cause fungal cell death?

Related terms

Ergosterol:

A sterol component unique to fungal cell membranes, targeted by polyenes.

Amphotericin B:

A potent polyene antifungal drug used for treating severe systemic infections.

Nystatin:

A topical and oral polyene antifungal agent primarily used for treating localized infections.