Phagolysosome

Definition

A phagolysosome is a cellular structure formed by the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome, resulting in an acidic compartment where ingested pathogens are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phagolysosomes play a crucial role in the innate immune response by degrading pathogens engulfed through phagocytosis.
2. The formation of a phagolysosome involves the fusion of a phagosome containing the pathogen and a lysosome rich in digestive enzymes.
3. The acidic environment within the phagolysosome aids in the activation of hydrolytic enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls and other components.
4. Defects in phagolysosome formation or function can lead to impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections.
5. Macrophages and neutrophils are primary cells involved in forming phagolysosomes as part of their pathogen-destroying activities.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of a phagolysosome?
• Which two cellular structures fuse to form a phagolysosome?
• How does the acidic environment within a phagolysosome contribute to pathogen degradation?

Related terms

Phagocytosis: A process by which cells ingest and digest large particles, including bacteria and dead cells.

Lysosome: An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs): Receptors on immune cells that recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, initiating an immune response.