Peptic ulcers

Definition

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine. They result from the damaging effects of stomach acid and pepsin on the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a primary cause of peptic ulcers by disrupting the mucous layer and inducing inflammation.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can also lead to peptic ulcers by inhibiting prostaglandins, which protect the stomach lining.
3. Symptoms typically include burning stomach pain, bloating, heartburn, and in severe cases, vomiting blood or having black stools.
4. Diagnosis often involves endoscopy, barium swallow tests, and testing for H. pylori via breath, stool, or blood tests.
5. Treatment usually includes antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori if present, proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production, and lifestyle changes.

Review Questions

• What role does Helicobacter pylori play in the formation of peptic ulcers?
• How do NSAIDs contribute to the development of peptic ulcers?
• What are common diagnostic methods for identifying peptic ulcers?

Related terms

Helicobacter pylori: A spiral-shaped bacterium that infects the stomach lining and is a major cause of peptic ulcers.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Medications that reduce stomach acid production used in treating conditions like peptic ulcers.

NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can damage the gastrointestinal tract lining leading to ulcer formation.