Nitazoxanide

Definition

Nitazoxanide is an antiparasitic and antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by protozoa and helminths. It is effective against a variety of gastrointestinal pathogens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nitazoxanide is commonly used to treat Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia infections.
2. It works by interfering with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction, essential for anaerobic energy metabolism in protozoa.
3. The drug is administered orally, typically in tablet or suspension form.
4. Nitazoxanide has shown broad-spectrum efficacy against both protozoan and helminthic infections, as well as some viral infections like rotavirus and hepatitis C.
5. Side effects of nitazoxanide may include nausea, abdominal pain, and headache.

Review Questions

• Which two protozoan infections are most commonly treated with nitazoxanide?
• Describe the mechanism of action of nitazoxanide at the cellular level.
• What are some possible side effects of taking nitazoxanide?

Related terms

Cryptosporidium parvum: A protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, leading to diarrhea in infected individuals.

Giardia lamblia: A flagellated protozoan that causes giardiasis, characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal cramps.

Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase: An enzyme involved in the anaerobic metabolic pathway targeted by nitazoxanide.