Mycorrhizal fungi

Definition

Mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots that enhance nutrient uptake for the plant and provide carbohydrates to the fungi. They are crucial for plant health and soil ecology.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mycorrhizal fungi can be classified into two main types: ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae.
2. Ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around plant roots, while arbuscular mycorrhizae penetrate root cells.
3. These fungi significantly improve water and nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus.
4. They play a vital role in soil structure by stabilizing soil aggregates through hyphal networks.
5. Mycorrhizal fungi also help plants resist pathogens and environmental stress.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of mycorrhizal fungi?
• How do ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differ in their association with plant roots?
• Name one key benefit that mycorrhizal fungi provide to plants.

Related terms

Ectomycorrhizae: Type of mycorrhizal fungi that form a sheath around plant roots.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae: Type of mycorrhizal fungi that penetrate the root cells of plants.

Symbiosis: An interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.