Miltefosine

Definition

Miltefosine is an antimicrobial agent effective against certain protozoal infections, particularly leishmaniasis and amoebic meningoencephalitis. It works by disrupting cell membrane integrity and inhibiting cellular functions of the parasites.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Miltefosine is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis.
2. It is also used off-label to treat infections caused by free-living amoebae such as Naegleria fowleri.
3. The drug was originally developed as an anti-cancer agent before its antiparasitic properties were discovered.
4. Miltefosine can be administered orally, making it more convenient compared to other treatments that require intravenous administration.
5. Side effects can include gastrointestinal disturbances, nephrotoxicity, and teratogenicity.

Review Questions

• What types of parasitic infections are treated with miltefosine?
• How does miltefosine disrupt parasite cells?
• What are some potential side effects associated with miltefosine usage?

Related terms

Leishmaniasis: A parasitic disease caused by protozoa from the genus Leishmania, transmitted through sandfly bites.

Naegleria fowleri: A free-living amoeba that causes a rare and severe brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

Antimicrobial Agent: A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.