Middle ear

Definition

The middle ear is an air-filled cavity within the temporal bone, situated between the outer ear and the inner ear. It contains three tiny bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The middle ear connects to the nasopharynx via the Eustachian tube, which helps equalize pressure.
2. Otitis media is a common bacterial infection of the middle ear, often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae.
3. Symptoms of a middle ear infection include pain, fever, and reduced hearing ability due to fluid buildup.
4. Complications from untreated middle ear infections can include mastoiditis, meningitis, and hearing loss.
5. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for bacterial infections of the middle ear, but resistance and proper diagnosis are critical considerations.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of the ossicles in the middle ear?
• Name two common bacteria responsible for causing otitis media.
• How does the Eustachian tube contribute to middle ear health?

Related terms

Ossicles: Three small bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound vibrations.

Eustachian Tube: A canal that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear, aiding in pressure equalization.

Otitis Media: Inflammation or infection of the middle ear commonly caused by bacteria or viruses.