Methotrexate

Definition

Methotrexate is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant used to treat certain types of cancer as well as autoimmune diseases. It works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, disrupting cell division, and DNA replication.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Methotrexate is often used in the treatment of leukemia, which can involve the circulatory and lymphatic systems.
2. It functions by inhibiting folic acid metabolism, crucial for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
3. Methotrexate can have significant side effects such as immunosuppression, making patients more susceptible to infections including viral infections.
4. The drug is administered in various forms including oral tablets, injectable solutions, and intrathecal injections directly into cerebrospinal fluid.
5. Patients on methotrexate therapy require regular monitoring for liver function and blood cell counts due to its potential toxicity.

Review Questions

• How does methotrexate disrupt DNA synthesis?
• Why might patients on methotrexate be at a higher risk for viral infections?
• What are some of the common forms of administration for methotrexate?

Related terms

Leukemia: A type of cancer that affects blood cells and bone marrow.

Dihydrofolate Reductase: An enzyme targeted by methotrexate to inhibit DNA replication.

Immunosuppression: A reduction in the efficacy of the immune system's ability to fight infections.