Meningoencephalitis

Definition

Meningoencephalitis is the inflammation of both the meninges and the brain tissue, often caused by infections such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. It can lead to severe neurological damage and requires prompt medical attention.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Common symptoms include headache, fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status, and seizures.
2. The condition can be diagnosed through lumbar puncture (spinal tap) and imaging studies like MRI or CT scans.
3. Treatment varies depending on the cause but may include antiviral or antibacterial medications, antifungal drugs, and supportive care.
4. Parasitic meningoencephalitis can be caused by organisms such as Naegleria fowleri and Toxoplasma gondii.
5. Prognosis depends on the speed of diagnosis and treatment; delayed treatment can result in permanent brain damage or death.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms of meningoencephalitis?
• Which diagnostic methods are commonly used to confirm a case of meningoencephalitis?
• Name two parasitic organisms that can cause meningoencephalitis.

Related terms

Meningitis: Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain tissue itself.

Lumbar Puncture: A medical procedure where cerebrospinal fluid is collected for diagnostic testing.