Levofloxacin

Definition

Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, effective against a variety of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for DNA replication and transcription.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Levofloxacin is commonly used to treat respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.
2. It is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria but also has activity against some Gram-positive bacteria.
3. Levofloxacin can cause side effects such as gastrointestinal upset, tendinitis, and potential central nervous system effects like dizziness or headaches.
4. Resistance to levofloxacin can develop through mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV or via efflux pumps that expel the drug from bacterial cells.
5. Due to its mechanism of action, levofloxacin should be used with caution in patients with known neurological disorders.

Review Questions

• What classes of bacteria are most effectively targeted by levofloxacin?
• How does levofloxacin inhibit bacterial growth at the molecular level?
• What are some common side effects associated with levofloxacin use?

Related terms

Fluoroquinolones: A class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that includes levofloxacin and targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

DNA Gyrase: An enzyme targeted by fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin that helps in supercoiling DNA during replication.

Efflux Pumps: Mechanisms used by bacteria to expel antimicrobial agents like levofloxacin out of their cells, contributing to antibiotic resistance.