Ketoconazole

Definition

Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections, including those that affect the skin and respiratory system. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ketoconazole targets the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, which is crucial for ergosterol synthesis in fungi.
2. It can be administered orally or topically depending on the type and location of the infection.
3. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and liver toxicity; monitoring liver function during treatment is essential.
4. Ketoconazole has been largely replaced by newer antifungals like fluconazole and itraconazole due to safety concerns.
5. It is particularly effective against dermatophytes and yeasts, such as Candida species.

Review Questions

• What enzyme does ketoconazole inhibit to exert its antifungal effects?
• In what forms can ketoconazole be administered for treating fungal infections?
• Why has ketoconazole been largely replaced by newer antifungal medications?

Related terms

Ergosterol: A sterol component of fungal cell membranes, targeted by many antifungal drugs.

Fluconazole: A triazole antifungal drug often used as a safer alternative to ketoconazole.

Dermatophytes: A group of fungi that cause skin infections such as athlete's foot and ringworm.